Kuyambitsa zimbudzi zapakhomo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito makontena m'mizinda yotsika mtengo
1. Vuto/Mpata Ukuthetsedwa:
Anthu opitilira 2 miliyoni amakhala m'malo osakhazikika, okhala ndi ndalama zochepa, okhala m'midzi ku Nairobi ndipo ambiri alibe malo abwino osungira ukhondo. Njira zomwe zilipo zothetsera vuto la ukhondo zayang'ana kwambiri pakukonza njira zopezera zimbudzi kudzera mu kumanga zimbudzi pamalo (ogawana mabanja angapo) kapena pamlingo wa anthu ammudzi (zimbudzi za anthu onse). Njira zachikhalidwezi ndizochepa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu, malo osakwanira, nthawi yochepa ya moyo wa zimbudzi, mavuto amtengo wapatali komanso chitetezo. Zimbudzi nthawi zambiri sizimatsegulidwa usiku ndipo zimafuna kuchotsedwa matope nthawi zambiri zomwe nthawi zambiri zimathera m'mitsinje ndi m'ngalande zotseguka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu okhala m'nyumba zawo azikumana ndi zoopsa paumoyo wa anthu. Chifukwa chake, anthu okhala m'nyumba nthawi zambiri amakakamizika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotseguka zotsukira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito miphika, kupanga ziwiya zosinthira ndi matumba apulasitiki m'nyumba zawo (makamaka usiku), zomwe pambuyo pake zimatayidwa m'ngalande zotseguka, mitsinje kapena kutayidwa ("zimbudzi zouluka"). Akazi ndi ana nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yayitali m'nyumba zawo ndipo chifukwa chake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli.
2. Yankho:
Pulojekitiyi idakhazikitsidwa kuti itsimikizire ngati chimbudzi cha m'nyumba chogwiritsa ntchito zidebe (CBT) chingapereke njira yothandiza, 24-7, yoyeretsa yomwe imayang'ana nkhani zaukhondo, chitetezo, ukhondo, chinsinsi komanso ulemu. . Ukhondo wogwiritsa ntchito zidebe (CBS) umasiyana ndi njira yosungira mkodzo ndi ndowe zomwe zimachitika m'misasa ndi m'matauni mwa kupereka njira yodziyimira payokha komanso yaukhondo, "yotsekedwa", chifukwa ndowe ndi mkodzo zimasungidwa bwino musanazitaye pamalo omwe adagwirizana kuti ziwopsezo zaumoyo wa anthu zisamayende bwino. Kusowa kwa zinthu zoyenera zotsukira chimbudzi zomwe zili pansi pa msika wa piramidi, kunatanthauza kuti kupanga ndi kupanga chimbudzi chinali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa ntchitoyi.
3. Zotsatira:
Chimbudzichi chinasinthidwa kangapo kutengera ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito omwe akutumikira zimbudzi. Chitsanzo 1, chimbudzi cha "jitegemee" chopangidwa ku India chinayesedwa m'munda mu 2011 m'ma HH opitilira 100 m'midzi iwiri ya Nairobi. Ndemanga zinali zabwino kutsimikizira chidwi cha lingaliro la CBTs koma kapangidwe kotsika mtengo kanawonedwa ngati kosafunikira ndipo fungo linali cholepheretsa chachikulu komanso choletsa kuyika chimbudzi m'nyumba. Chifukwa chake mtundu wachiwiri unali chimbudzi chosinthira mkodzo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zobwezerezedwanso zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta kuti zinyalala zinyalala zinyalala zinyalala. Mu 2013 Oxfam idatengera lingaliroli ku kampani yoyambira ku Nairobi - Sanergy - kampani yothandiza anthu yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga bizinesi yaukhondo yomwe imafufuza zinyalala kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera ndi zinthu. Sanergy idapanga yokha CBT yakeyake ndipo inali ndi luso la bizinesi, malonda & malonda komanso kapangidwe ka zinthu zomwe Oxfam inalibe. Pamene polojekitiyi inkakula kuyambira 2014 kupita mtsogolo, Sanergy yatsogolera njirayi yomwe yaphatikizapo zitsanzo zingapo pogwiritsa ntchito fiberglass ndi 3-D printing pansi pa dzina loti ihud (mu kusinthasintha mkodzo kunyumba). Mfundo za kapangidwe ka malo ogwiritsira ntchito zatsatiridwa ndi kukambirana pafupipafupi ndi ogwiritsa ntchito/makasitomala ndi ogwira ntchito omwe akuthandizira kwambiri pakukonza kapangidwe kake. Chogulitsa chomaliza chomwe chikupangidwa ndi wopanga malonda ku Nairobi ndi mtundu 5. Chimbudzi ndi chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri chomwe chiyenera kukhala kwa zaka zingapo. Chili ndi zinthu 5 - maziko (omwenso ndi thanki ya mkodzo) ndi thupi lake zimapangidwa mozungulira, chivindikiro chopangidwa ndi jakisoni, chidebe cha ndowe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chobwezerezedwanso ndi matumba a ndowe (ogwiritsidwanso ntchito kapena ovunda).
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zimbudzi kukupitirirabe, kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2021, Sanergy idalamula zimbudzi 3,000 koma zimbudzi zoposa 100 zokha za HH ndi zomwe zinali kugwira ntchito pansi pa dzina lake la "freshfit". Izi zikugwirizana ndi zimbudzi zazikulu za "Freshlife" zomwe zili ndi anthu ambiri ku Nairobi.
Pulojekitiyi inayambitsa ndi kuchititsa Msonkhano wa Zimbudzi mu 2016 ku UK kwa akatswiri otsogola padziko lonse lapansi pankhani ya ukhondo wogwiritsa ntchito zidebe, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wa Container Based Sanitation Alliance, womwe wakhala wothandiza kwambiri pakukopa WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program kuti izindikire CBS ngati ukhondo wabwino.
Mtengo wa chimbudzi pa £65 ndi wapamwamba kuposa mtengo woyambirira wa $50 womwe polojekitiyi inkafuna. Ulipo kuti mugule kudzera ku Oxfam Supply centre.
4. Kuphunzira/kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kulikonse:
Zimbudzi zokhala ndi zidebe ndi njira yowonjezera yothetsera mavuto aukhondo komwe njira zachikhalidwe sizili zoyenera - mwachitsanzo, malo ovuta a nthaka (miyala, dothi lotha kugwa, malo omwe madzi amasefukira) kapena komwe kuli zoletsa kukumba kapena nyumba zokhazikika. Ngakhale kuti zapangidwira malo okhala anthu osauka mumzinda, pali zofanana zambiri ndi misasa yosamukira anthu. Zimbudzi zimakhala ndi malo osungiramo zinthu kuti zikhale zosavuta kunyamula kotero zimafunika kuyikidwa mwachangu m'malo osamalira anthu. Monga chimbudzi chapakhomo, chimapereka yankho lolemekezeka kwa anthu omwe sangathe kupeza, kapena kuopa kugwiritsa ntchito, malo ogwiritsira ntchito aukhondo, mwachitsanzo okalamba, anthu okhala ndi zosowa zapadera, akazi ndi ana.
CBS sinatsimikizidwe mokwanira pankhani ya anthu. Musanaganizire ngati chidebe (CBS) chili choyenera, ndikofunikira kuganizira momwe zinyalala zidzayendetsedwere. Pamlingo wochepa, CBS ikhoza kukhala yoyenera ngati imadzipatsa/kusamalira yokha ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala ndi udindo wotulutsa zinyalala m'zimbudzi zapafupi. Pamene chiwerengero chikuwonjezeka, thanzi la anthu limaika pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha kutaya zinyalala mosatetezeka ndi anthu ena. Pachiwerengero chochepa (50+) chingakhale chothandiza ngati mwayi wopezera ndalama zothandizira zimbudzi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zatenga Sanergy pafupifupi zaka 10 kuti akhazikitse bizinesi yawo ndikufikira poti tsopano akutha kupititsa patsogolo CBS.
5. Zowonjezera:
Zikalata za polojekiti ( Bokosi lolumikizira ), malangizo oyendetsera ntchito za CBS ; Kuwunika kwa CBS ndi Banki Yapadziko Lonse . Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti polojekitiyi ipambane chinali nthawi ndi kusinthasintha komwe ndalama za WIF zimapereka. Kupanga zinthu zatsopano kumatenganso nthawi, pankhaniyi zaka khumi kuchokera pakupanga lingaliro mpaka kutha (ndipo kukupitirirabe). Oxfam idapeza mnzake wamphamvu kwambiri waku Kenya (Sanergy) ndipo idawapatsa malo otsogolera polojekitiyi. Njira zingapo zothandizira zathandizira polojekitiyi: WIF £25K (2010-2011), HECA innovation fund £35K (2012-13), £62,588 (2016-17), $US30,000 Emergency Sanitation Project (2018)
Munthu wolumikizana naye : Brian McSorley, Mlangizi wa PHE, GHT, brian.mcsorley@oxfam.org