Kugadzira zvimbuzi zvemhuri zvine magaba mumisha ine vanhu vane mari shoma mumaguta
1. Dambudziko/Mukaha Uri Kugadziriswa:
Vanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni maviri vanogara munzvimbo dzisina kurongeka, dzine mari shoma, mudzimba dziri muNairobi uye vazhinji vavo havana mukana wekuwana nzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzekuchenesa. Nzira dziripo dzekugadzirisa dambudziko rekuchenesa dzakatarisana nekuvandudza kufukidza kuburikidza nekuvaka zvimbuzi panzvimbo (mhuri dzinoverengeka dzinogovana) kana munharaunda (zvimbuzi zveveruzhinji). Nzira idzi dzechinyakare dzakaganhurirwa nekuda kwekuwanda kwevanhu, ivhu risina kukwana, hupenyu hupfupi hwezvimbuzi, matambudziko emari uye kuchengetedzeka. Zvimbuzi hazviwanzo vhurwa husiku uye zvinoda kubviswa tsvina nemaoko kakawanda izvo zvinowanzo guma zvapinda munzizi nemadhireni akavhurika, zvichiisa vagari panjodzi dzehutano hweveruzhinji. Nekuda kweizvozvo vagari vanowanzo manikidzwa kuita tsvina yakavhurika kana kushandisa mapoto, kugadzira magaba ekushanda uye mabhegi epurasitiki mudzimba dzavo (kunyanya husiku), izvo zvinozodururwa mumadhireni akavhurika, nzizi kana kuraswa ("zvimbuzi zvinobhururuka"). Vakadzi nevana vanowanzo pedza nguva yavo yakawanda vari munzvimbo dzekugara uye nekudaro vanokanganiswa zvakanyanya nedambudziko iri.
2. Solution:
Chirongwa ichi chakaitirwa kusimbisa kana chimbuzi chemumba chinoshandisa magaba (CBT) chingapa mhinduro inoshanda, 24-7, yehutsanana iyo inotarisa nyaya dzekurerutsira, kuchengetedzeka, hutsanana, kuvanzika uye rukudzo. . Hutsanana hunobva mumagaba (CBS) hwakasiyana nekuchengetedza weti netsvina nenzira yakasarudzika inoitwa zvakanyanya mumisasa nenzvimbo dzemaguta dzisina kurongeka nekupa mhinduro ine rukudzo uye yakachena, "yakavharwa", sezvo tsvina netsvina zvinochengetwa zvakachengeteka zvisati zvaraswa panzvimbo yakabvumiranwa zvichiita kuti njodzi dzehutano hweveruzhinji dzigadziriswe zvakachengeteka. Kushaikwa kwezvimbuzi zvakakodzera zvepasi pemusika wepiramidhi, zvaireva kuti kugadzira nekugadzira chimbuzi kwaive chinhu chakakosha chepurojekiti.
3. Mibairo:
Chimbuzi ichi chakaongororwa kakawanda zvichibva pane zvakabuda kubva kuvashandisi nevanoshanda vachishandira zvimbuzi. Muenzaniso wekutanga, chimbuzi che "jitegemee" chakagadzirwa muIndia chakaedzwa mumunda muna 2011 munzvimbo dzinopfuura 100 dzeHH mumisha miviri yeNairobi. Mhinduro yacho yaive yakanaka ichisimbisa kufarira pfungwa yeCBTs asi dhizaini yakaderera yaionekwa seyakasakara uye hwema hwaive chipingamupinyi chikuru uye chaidzivisa kuisa chimbuzi mudzimba. Nekuda kweizvozvo, shanduro yechipiri yaive chimbuzi chekuparadzanisa weti chaishandisa midziyo yaishandiswazve yekuunganidzira marara. Muna 2013 Oxfam yakaendesa pfungwa iyi kukambani itsva iri muNairobi - Sanergy - kambani yemagariro evanhu yakatarisana nekugadzira franchise yekuchenesa iyo yaitsvaga marara kuti aonekwe nezvigadzirwa. Sanergy yakagadzira CBT yayo yega uye vaive nehunyanzvi hwebhizinesi, kutengesa & kushambadzira uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa izvo Oxfam yakanga isina. Basa iri rakaenderera mberi kubva muna 2014 zvichienda mberi, Sanergy yakatungamira maitiro aya ayo aisanganisira ma prototypes akati wandei achishandisa fiberglass ne3-D printing pasi pezita rekusimudzira ihud (mukuparadzanisa weti kumba). Nheyo dzekugadzira nzvimbo dzevashandisi dzakatevedzerwa nguva nenguva nekukurukurirana nevashandisi/vatengi pamwe nevashandi vebasa vachibatsira mukuvandudza dhizaini. Chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chiri kugadzirwa nekambani inogadzira zvinhu muNairobi ivhezheni 5. Chimbuzi chigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro chinofanira kugara kwemakore akati wandei. Chine zvikamu zvishanu - hwaro (ihwo huriwo tangi reweti) uye muviri wacho wakaumbwa ne rota molded, chivharo chakaumbwa ne injection molded, mudziyo wetsvina unogadzirwa kubva musimbi yakadzokororwa uye mabhegi etsvina (anogona kushandiswazve kana kuora).
Kushandiswa kwezvimbuzi kuri kuramba kuchinonoka, pakutanga kwegore ra2021 Sanergy yakanga yatenga zvimbuzi zviuru zvitatu asi zvimbuzi zvinopfuura zana chete zveHH ndizvo zvaishanda pasi pezita rayo rekuti "freshfit". Izvi zvinowedzera zvimbuzi zvikuru zve "Freshlife" uko kune zviuru zvezvimbuzi zvinoshandira muNairobi.
Chirongwa ichi chakatanga uye chakaitisa musangano weToilet Summit muna 2016 muUK wevanotungamira nyanzvi dzepasi rose dzehutsanana hwakavakirwa mumidziyo, izvo zvakakonzera kuumbwa kweContainer Based Sanitation Alliance, iyo yakabatsira zvikuru mukukurudzira WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program kuti ione CBS sehutsanana hwakavandudzwa.
Mutengo wechimbuzi pa£65 uri pamusoro pemutengo wekutanga we$50 waive wakanangana nechirongwa ichi. Chinowanikwa kuti chitengeswe kuburikidza neOxfam Supply centre.
4. Kudzidza/kushanda kune dzimwe nzvimbo:
Zvimbuzi zvemumagaba ndeimwe nzira yekugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvehutsanana uko nzira dzechinyakare dzisingakodzeri - semuenzaniso mamiriro akaoma evhu (matombo, ivhu rinoputsika, nzvimbo dzinokurumidza kufashamirwa nemafashamo) kana kune zvirambidzo zvekuchera kana zvivakwa zvechigarire. Kunyangwe zvakagadzirirwa nzvimbo dzekugara mumaguta, kune zvakawanda zvakafanana nemisasa yekutama. Zvimbuzi zvinoungana uye zvinogara munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda kuti zvive nyore kutakurwa saka zvinokwanisa kushandiswa nekukurumidza munzvimbo ine vanhu. Sechimbuzi chemhuri, chinogona kupa mhinduro ine mutsigo kune vanhu vasingakwanise kuwana, kana vanotya kushandisa, nzvimbo dzehutsanana dzinoshandiswa pamwe chete, semuenzaniso vakwegura, vanhu vanorarama nezvinodiwa zvakakosha, vakadzi nevana.
CBS haina kuratidzwa zvakanyanya muchirongwa chekubatsira vanhu. Usati wafunga kana mudziyo (CBS) wakakodzera, zvakakosha kufunga kuti marara achagadziriswa sei. Pachikamu chidiki, CBS inogona kunge yakakodzera senzira yekuzvipa/kutarisira, vashandisi vachiva nebasa rekuburitsa marara muzvimbuzi zviri pedyo. Sezvo huwandu hwevanhu huchiwedzera, hutano hwevanhu hunoisawo njodzi kuburikidza nekurasa marara zvisina kuchengetedzeka nevamwe vanhu. Pahuwandu hushoma (50+) hunogona kuva mukana wekuwana raramo yekushandira zvimbuzi. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvakatora Sanergy kwemakore anoda kusvika gumi kuti vatange bhizinesi ravo uye vasvike padanho rava kukwanisa kusimudzira CBS.
5. Ruzivo Rwokuwedzera:
Magwaro epurojekiti ( Bhokisi rekubatanidza ), gwara rekushandisa CBS ; Kuongororwa kweCBS neBhangi repasi rose . Chinhu chakakosha pakubudirira kwepurojekiti iyi yaive nguva uye kuchinjika kunopihwa neWIF fund. Kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva kunotorawo nguva, muchiitiko ichi makore gumi kubva pakufunga kusvika pakupera (uye kuchiri kuenderera mberi). Oxfam yakawana mubatsiri weKenya akasimba (Sanergy) ndokuvapa nzvimbo yekutungamira chirongwa ichi. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekubhadhara dzakabatsira chirongwa ichi: WIF £25K (2010-2011), HECA innovation fund £35K (2012-13), £62,588 (2016-17), $US30,000 Emergency Sanitation Project (2018)
Munhu wekutaura naye : Brian McSorley, PHE Advisor, GHT, brian.mcsorley@oxfam.org