intshayelelo
Ukuthatha inxaxheba okuqinileyo koluntu, okuhlala kusetyenziswa amaqela okanye iikomiti zabaxhamli, ngumqolo wendlela ye-Oxfam yokucwangcisa iinkqubo zezeMpilo yoLuntu. Kunceda uyilo, ukuphunyezwa kunye nokubeka esweni iiprojekthi ezikhokelwa luluntu, kwaye kukhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye noxanduva. Ukusebenza neekomiti kukwasivumela ukuba sisebenze ngokufanelekileyo nabantu abaninzi kwaye siqhubeke nemisebenzi xa kungakhuselekanga okanye kungenzeki ukuba abasebenzi babekho kweli candelo.
Injongo yale Ngxelo yoLwazi kukuqinisekisa ukuba abaphathi kunye nabasebenzi benkqubo bayaziswa ngemiba ejikeleze iikomiti zoluntu, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhambelana kocwangciso, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali, ukuphunyezwa kunye nokubekwa esweni kwemisebenzi neekomiti kunye namavolontiya.
Uvavanyo lweekomiti zamanzi nococeko eIndiya lubonise ukungafihlisi, ukuthatha inxaxheba, ukubandakanywa kunye nobunini njengeempawu eziphambili zekomiti ezinxulumene nempumelelo yeprojekthi. Kuzo, ukungafihlisi kwavela njengophawu olubalulekileyo lweekomiti. Kufunyaniswe ukuba okukhona amalungu oluntu eqonda iprojekthi ngokwezemali, ukusebenza kwekomiti kunye nokukhethwa kwamalungu ekomiti, kokukhona amathuba okuphumelela engakumbi. (WSP, 2001)
Iingqwalaselo eziphambili
Ukubambisana
Indlela yokusebenza engacwangciswanga okanye engacwangciswanga kakuhle neekomiti ingakhokelela ekungangqinelani okonakalisayo phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zeprojekthi, okanye kumacandelo eenkqubo. Umzekelo, ukungangqinelani kunokuvela ukuba eminye imisebenzi yenziwa ngabasebenzi abahlawulwayo (abangacwangciswanga) kwaye eminye yenziwa ngamavolontiya. Amanqanaba kunye neentlobo "zezibonelelo" (imali, ukutya, iimpahla okanye ezinye iimpahla ngamanye amaxesha ezinikwa amalungu ekomiti ukukhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba) nazo zinokuhluka kakhulu phakathi kweeprojekthi.
Impembelelo yokungangqinelani iyanda xa kuqwalaselwa imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo yokubandakanya uluntu phakathi kwee-NGO ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-arhente ze-UN. Ukungangqinelani phakathi kwee-arhente kuyonakalisa kakhulu ubudlelwane phakathi koluntu, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kunye nee-NGO, kwaye kunokudala iingozi zokhuseleko kubasebenzi basentsimini.
Inkqubo yaseKenya iqaphele ukuba nangona ii-NGO bezibandakanyeka kuqeqesho loluntu nophuhliso lweekomiti kweli lizwe amashumi eminyaka, bekungekho maxwebhu mancinci okanye bekungekho kwaphela ngeenkqubo ezilandelwa zii-arhente ezahlukeneyo, okanye umxholo wokwenyani woqeqesho. Oku kwenze kwaba nzima ukwazi umgangatho woko kwenziweyo, kwaye kwakhokelela ekungahambelani nasekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwee-NGO. Ukujongana noku, iqela lezempilo yoluntu lenze ucwangciso lokubonisana nezinye ii-NGO kunye nezakhiwo zikarhulumente ukumisela amaqhinga kunye nezixhobo zokwakha amandla eekomiti zoluntu. Isiphumo yindlela eqhelekileyo ye-NGO yokusebenza neekomiti kunye nesakhelo soqeqesho / izixhobo zokusetyenziswa kulo lonke icandelo.
Indlela yokuziphilisa
Kuyaqondakala ukuba amathuba okufumana ingeniso kubantu abaxhamlayo anqongophele. Xa amavolontiya ekomiti enikela ixesha kwimisebenzi yezempilo yoluntu oku kunokuchaphazela amandla abo okufumana imali.
Abasebenzi badla ngokucinga (okanye bacebise) ukuba imisebenzi ye-Oxfam yenzelwe uluntu; ngoko ke amavolontiya kufuneka ahlawulwe ngemizamo yawo ngabanye abantu kuluntu lwabo. Nangona kunjalo, esi sisombululo sifanelekileyo kufuneka silinganiswe nokungabikho kwamathuba okuziphilisa; iindlela ezibuthathaka zoluntu (ngokweenkcubeko, kwezopolitiko njl.njl.) kunye nesidingo esingxamisekileyo sokuhambisa imisebenzi yezempilo yoluntu kumaqela athile (umz. abafikayo).
Ukubaluleka kokuthatha inxaxheba kufuneka kugxininiswe kuluntu, kwaye kwasekuqaleni kwenkqubo kufuneka kuqondwe ngokucacileyo ukuba kuya kuhlala kukho imisebenzi abaxhamli ekufuneka bayenze ngokwabo: oku kulula kakhulu ukuba kubekho igalelo elibalulekileyo kuluntu kuyilo lwenkqubo.
Isisombululo esilula kwimiba yokuphila esicetywayo ngamanye amaxesha kukubandakanya amavolontiya ekomiti njengabaxhamli beprojekthi yokuphila. Oku kunokubangela ukuba abantu abasengozini enkulu balahlekelwe ngabona basengozini kuluntu kwaye kuphazamisa ingqalelo yamavolontiya kwimisebenzi yezempilo yoluntu. Kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kuphela xa kubekwa imigaqo ecacileyo yabaxhamli/abavolontiya kwaye kuvunyelwene ngayo noluntu.
EBeni (eDRC) kwaqulunqwa inkqubo yokubandakanya abaxhamli bezinto zokuphila njengabavolontiya bezempilo yoluntu eyavumela ukubandakanyeka okuhle kweendawo ezihlala abantu kunye nee-IDP. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, iqela labeka imiqathango ecacileyo necacileyo yobuthathaka bokukhetha abavolontiya, njengabantu abavela kumakhaya aphethwe ngabasetyhini okanye ukubakho kwabantu abagula kakhulu emakhayeni.
Imiba yoMthetho
Umthetho wesizwe ogubungela amalungelo abasebenzi kunye noxanduva lwabaqeshi unokunika amalungelo abalulekileyo amavolontiya kunye neekomiti. Kwamanye amazwe “amavolontiya” aphathwa njengabasebenzi ngokusemthethweni ukuba anikwa umvuzo oqhelekileyo ngomsebenzi wawo, nokuba oku kukutya nje kweveki.
Ngenxa yenani lamavolontiya asebenza ne-Oxfam, kunye nesidingo esibalulekileyo sezi zibonelelo zamavolontiya, amatyala asemthethweni kufuneka aphathwe ngowona mbandela uphambili.
Ukususela ngo-2003 inkqubo yaseDarfur ixhomekeke kumsebenzi wamavolontiya oluntu angaphezu kwama-2,000 ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yezempilo yoluntu. Olu qhagamshelo lwekomiti ngokubanzi lube yinkqubo entle, yamkelwe kakuhle luluntu, kwaye ivelise iziphumo ezimangalisayo. Nangona kunjalo, uMthetho weLabour waseSudan unika abasebenzi amalungelo amaninzi kwaye oku kunefuthe kumavolontiya oluntu. Ingakumbi amavolontiya aphathwa njengabasebenzi ukuba anikwa umvuzo rhoqo ngomsebenzi wawo. Ukususela ngo-2006 oku kukhokelele ekubeni kubekho amatyala amaninzi enkundla aziswa ngabantu okanye amaqela asebenze okanye azinikele kwi-NGO eDarfur ngokuchasene "nomqeshi" wawo. Kukwakho namatyala apho ukubonelela nge-fatur (isidlo sakusasa esiqhelekileyo) kuye kwatolikwa ziinkundla njengomvuzo wabasebenzi. Ukujongana nalo mngcipheko unokubakho, iqela le-HR eSudan lisebenzisane ngokusondeleyo nabasebenzi benkqubo ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zomvuzo kunye nokusebenza kweekomiti, kubandakanya neMemorandam yokuQondana (MoU) esemgangathweni echaza amanqanaba okubandakanyeka kwamavolontiya. Ngaphezu koko, abanye abasebenzi ababephathwa njengamavolontiya, kodwa besenza umsebenzi wexesha elizeleyo (umz. abasebenzi bepompo yamanzi), badluliselwa kwiikhontrakthi ze-Oxfam ngenkqubo yokuqesha eqhelekileyo.
Amaqela angoBuni kunye namaqela abuthathaka
Abafazi ngabona baxhamli baphambili, abaphathi kunye nabasebenzisi bamanzi. Basenokuba bayazi iingxaki kwangethuba okanye babe nembono eyahlukileyo malunga nendlela engcono yokufezekisa izinto. Akunakuthathwa ukuba iimfuno zosapho lonke ziya kuphuculwa ukuba ikomiti ibandakanya amadoda kuphela. Kodwa xa kucetywa imisebenzi yekomiti, kuqhelekile ukuba uluntu lunike abafazi imisebenzi engahlawulwayo, ngelixa amadoda enikwa umsebenzi ohlawulayo.
Isisombululo esiqhelekileyo kule ngxaki kukuba izindululo zethu okanye ii-logframes zijolise kwi-50% yamalungu ekomiti ukuba abe ngabafazi. Nangona ukumelwa ngokulinganayo kubalulekile, kubalulekile ukujonga ngaphaya kwesi sibonakaliso somgangatho esisisiseko. Ngaphandle koko singaphoswa, umzekelo, kukuba abafazi abasi-8 kwikomiti benza iintsuku ezi-3 zokucoca inkunkuma eqinileyo engahlawulwanga ngeveki, ngelixa amadoda asi-8 emba imibhobho nge-$10 ngosuku.
Umahluko ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwekomiti ngokwesini udlulela ngaphaya kokwahlulwa kwemisebenzi; kubalulekile ukujonga inqanaba lempembelelo abanayo abafazi kwizigqibo zekomiti. Le yinto efuna ukuqwalaselwa nokuxoxwa namaqela ahlukeneyo (abafazi, ulutsha, amadoda njl.njl.) xa ikomiti isekwa nasemva kwexesha lokuhlolwa.
Amava avela kwihlabathi liphela abonisa ukuba apho abafazi bebandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo ekwenzeni izigqibo, umgangatho weprojekthi uyaphucuka: ESomalia - uluntu olulawulwa kakhulu ngamadoda - enye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa kwiikomiti zempilo ezixhaswa yi-Oxfam kukuba abafazi bathathe ubuncinci i-30% yezikhundla zokwenza izigqibo. UMthetho waManzi ka-2002 eKenya ukwafuna ukuba i-30% yezikhundla zokwenza izigqibo kwiMibutho yaBasebenzisi baManzi (ii-WUA) ibe ngabafazi.
Kwezinye iimeko kuyanceda ukuseka iikomiti zabasetyhini ezahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi labasetyhini liyaviwa, nangona kunjalo oku kunokukhokelela ekungabandakanywa ngakumbi ukuba zonke izigqibo ezibalulekileyo zithathwa kwikomiti "yamadoda" okanye "yeenkokheli". Iindlela eziqinileyo zokubeka esweni kunye neendlela zokuphendula zibalulekile ekuchongeni oku.
Amaqela abuthathaka kuluntu, umzekelo abantu abadala kunye nabakhubazekileyo banokuba ngamalungu asebenzayo ekomiti nokuba abakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yomzimba efana nokusebenza kunye nokugcina. Umzekelo, banokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezinye iindawo ezifana nezemali okanye ubhaliso. Ukuba naliphi na ilungu lekomiti alinamsebenzi ubalulekileyo, linokuba sengozini yokuba lilungu elibalulekileyo.
Sustainability
Ingxoxo eqhelekileyo echasene nokunika amavolontiya eekomiti izikhuthazo kukuba akhuthaza nje ukubandakanyeka xa enikwa. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyaphela xa izikhuthazo ziyekiswa (nokuba kungenxa yotshintsho kwizicwangciso zokuphumeza, okanye emva kokuba i-NGO iphumile) kuba amavolontiya akaqondi ukubaluleka kokwenyani kokubandakanyeka kwawo, kwaye akakhange aphuhlise iindlela zawo zokuqinisekisa uzinzo. Ingxoxo ibonisa ukuba umzamo kufuneka ugxile ekufundiseni abaxhamli ngokubaluleka kwexesha elide kwalo msebenzi, kunye nokuphuhlisa iikomiti zolawulo ezisekelwe kuluntu - umzekelo iikomiti zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi eziqokelela iifizi kwaye zingaxhomekeki kwizikhuthazo ze-Oxfam.
Oku kuqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo kwiinkqubo zethu ezininzi, nakwinxalenye yemisebenzi yethu (umz. imisebenzi yococeko lwasekhaya). Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezingxamisekileyo asijongi “ukuzinza”; imeko engxamisekileyo ngokwayo ayinakuzinza. Eyona nto iphambili kwi-Oxfam kukuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yezempilo yoluntu iyenzeka, hayi nokuba singayidlulisela na imisebenzi kuluntu kwixesha elifutshane okanye elide. Oku kunxulumene kakhulu nomba wendlela yokuphila engentla; kwaye kufuneka kugwetywe ngokwemeko nganye, kulungelelaniswe amathuba okuphuhlisa imisebenzi ezinzileyo ebonelela uluntu ngeenzuzo zexesha elide, kunye nenyani yeemeko ezingxamisekileyo eziguqukayo neziqatha.
Isizathu
Njengoko kulindelekile, abantu kunye namaqela eekomiti esisebenza nawo banezizathu ezahlukeneyo zokunikela ngexesha labo kunye nomgudu wabo kwimisebenzi yoluntu.
Izinto ezinokubangela ukubandakanyeka zingabandakanya ububele; umoya woluntu; ithuba lokuphucula isikhundla sentlalo kuluntu; umnqweno wokufunda; ukubaluleka kokumelwa kwesizwe okanye kwesizwe; kunye nolindelo lokufumana izibonelelo zemali okanye zesipho.
Nangona ukuqonda kwethu uluhlu lwezinto ezikhuthazayo zobuqu kudla ngokunqongophala, kufanelekile ukuba sizame ukuxoxa ngale nto phakathi kweqela kunye nabantu abazivolontiya ngokungacwangciswanga: ukuqonda izizathu zabo kuya kunceda ekuyileni ulwakhiwo lwekomiti oluzinzileyo, olufanelekileyo nolucacileyo.
Imiba yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali
Iinkxalabo malunga nokufumaneka kohlahlo-lwabiwo mali zinokunciphisa amathuba okubandakanyeka kweekomiti rhoqo kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezingapheliyo.
Kuyacaca ukuba ayingomntu wonke ovolontiya we-Oxfam onokufumana imbuyekezo yonke imihla. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlawula abasebenzi ngemisebenzi ephambili (umzekelo abaqhubi beepompo) okanye ngamaxesha athile (umz. ukuqhambuka kwekholera) yindlela enokukhuthaza ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ngokukhawuleza.
Iziphumo zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali zoku akufuneki zibe zigqithisileyo, nangona kunjalo kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imfuneko yale meko ingalindelekanga ngexesha lohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwangaphambili/lonyaka okuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kulibaziseka xa kufuneka abasebenzi abaqhelekileyo.
Imigaqo eqhelekileyo
Yonke inkqubo ye-Oxfam yahlukile; ngoko ke akufuneki sisebenzise iindlela ezifanayo zokusebenza kwiikomiti kunye namavolontiya kumazwe okanye kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imigaqo ethile ekufuneka isetyenziswe kwiikomiti zoluntu (okanye ubuncinane, ziqwalaselwe) nokuba imeko injani na.
Ulungelelaniso
Ukucwangciswa kunye nokuphunyezwa komsebenzi neekomiti kufuneka kuququzelelwe ngokucacileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-Oxfam (umz. ngeendlela zokuphila), kunye nezinye ii-NGO, ukuze kuthintelwe ukuthwalisa abantu abathile umthwalo onzima nokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana. Oku kufuneka kuquke isivumelwano esiqhelekileyo malunga nokukhethwa kweekomiti, ukwakhiwa kwazo kunye neenkuthazo. Ixabiso elongezelelweyo linokufunyanwa ngokwabelana ngoqeqesho kunye nezixhobo (umz. iindawo zokuhlangana zoluntu) phakathi kwamaqela, kunye nezifundo zokufunda ngemiba yezomthetho kunye nezenzo zokuzithandela zoluntu zemveli ezivela kwezinye ii-NGO.
Ukuze kujongwane neengxaki zeendlela ezingahambelaniyo kubasebenzi bezempilo nakwiikomiti ze-WASH ngexesha lobhubhane weCholera eZimbabwe ka-2008-09, iQela le-WASH laseka iQela eliSebenzayo loBugcisa kwi
“Ndisebenza nabaQhubi be-WASH” kwaye ndakwazi ukuyila ngokukhawuleza nokuvumelana ngemigaqo yeQela. Nangona ezi ngcebiso zazingenalo ilungelo elisemthethweni, zakhuthaza ii-NGO ukuba zisebenze namavolontiya ngendlela edibeneyo, kwaye zaxhaswa ngabanikeli abaphambili be-WASH.
Ikhonkco kwiZakhiwo ezikhoyo
Kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela abantu abasebenza ngokuzithandela kunye nombutho woluntu ngaphambi kokuba kusekwe iikomiti ze-Oxfam. Sifanele sihloniphe kwaye apho kunokwenzeka sisebenzisane nezakhiwo zasekuhlaleni ezisele zimiselwe, sicebisa ukuba kwenziwe utshintsho oluncinci (umz. ukukhuthaza ukulingana ngokwesini, ukwahlukana kweentlanga) endaweni yokudala amaqela amatsha (achaseneyo) ngokupheleleyo.
Kwezinye iimeko kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisana nezakhiwo zikarhulumente ezifanelekileyo kunye namaqela oluntu emveli. Oku kunokubonelela ngamathuba amaninzi okugcina izinto zizinzile, kodwa kufuneka kulawulwe ngononophelo kwiindawo ezingquzulwano okanye ezijongene nezopolitiko.
Njengenxalenye yokusabela kwiNkanyamba uDean ngo-2007, inkqubo yaseHaiti yasebenzisana ngempumelelo noorhulumente basekhaya (iOfisi kaSodolophu, iCandelo leeCommunales, kunye neSebe lezeMpilo yoLuntu, amaSebe eManzi kunye neMfundo) oku kuncede ekuhlanganisweni kweenkqubo ze-Oxfam kuba abasemagunyeni babenomdla ofanayo kwindlela yokuphila kunye nokuNcitshiswa koMngcipheko weeNtlekele (i-DRR) njengakwimpilo yoluntu.
Ukukhethwa kweeKomiti
Indlela ecacileyo necacileyo yokukhetha amalungu ekomiti kufuneka kuvunyelwane ngayo noluntu lonke (oko kukuthi, kungekuphela nje ubunkokeli) ngokukhawuleza. Kuyathandeka ukwamkela uluhlu lwamagama “kuluntu”, kodwa ukuba iqela likhethwe ngokukhululekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba lihlale linoxanduva kuluntu olubanzi oluxhamlayo.
Isixhobo se-Oxfam see-WUAs eKenya sidwelisa ezi mpawu zibalulekileyo zilandelayo
amalungu ekomiti:
- Sebenzisa umthombo wamanzi ngokwawo.
- Yiba nexesha elaneleyo lokuthatha inxaxheba kwimicimbi yeprojekthi.
- Ithenjwa luluntu.
- Uza kuhlala elalini iminyaka ezayo.
- Abameli beendawo ezahlukeneyo/abasebenzisi bamanzi.
- Usebenza nzima.
- Iyasebenza.
- Kuxhomekeke.
Ukubandakanyeka kwabasetyhini kunye namanye amaqela abuthathaka, kunye nokumelwa ngokukuko kwamaqela eentlanga ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka kukhuthazwe kwaye kuvunyelwane kwasekuqaleni kule projekthi.
Ubungakanani bekomiti: Uphando lwakutshanje lwee-WUAs eTurkana, eKenya lubike ukuba ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bekomiti yayingamalungu ali-15. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwamalungu lwalunamalungu angama-20 nangaphezulu kwaye elinye lalinamalungu angama-40. Lugqibe kwelokuba akukho nto imbi ngenani elikhulu lamalungu ekomiti logama nje wonke umntu eyazi indima yakhe kwaye enomdla wokubandakanyeka. Ukuba imisebenzi ayicacanga kwaye abantu ababoni injongo okanye ixabiso abalongezayo, kufuneka kubekho into etshintshayo.
Isiseko sedatha yamaVolontiya singafunyanwa kwiQela lezeMpilo yoLuntu e-Oxford. Kuhle ukugcina isiseko sedatha samalungu oluntu abandakanyeka ngqo kumsebenzi we-Oxfam - bobabini amavolontiya kwiikomiti kunye nabasebenzi abaqhelekileyo - ukurekhoda iinkcukacha zabameli kwiilali okanye kwiinkampu, ubude bexesha amavolontiya ebesebenza ne-Oxfam kunye naluphi na uqeqesho alufumeneyo njl. Oku kunokubhala phantsi nokwabelana ngezifundo zokwakha amandla, kwaye kungasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokunciphisa imiba yomthetho wengqesho.
Idathabheyisi yoMsebenzi wokuzithandela engumzekelo ingafunyanwa kwiQela lezeMpilo yoLuntu eOxford.
Ingqwalasela yeKomiti
Amaxesha amaninzi ikomiti yoluntu esekwe okanye exhaswe yi-Oxfam igxila kwimiba ephambili yezempilo yoluntu - nokuba ngamanzi, ucoceko okanye ukukhuthazwa kococeko. Ukuba kunjalo, kunjalo.
Kubalulekile ukuba olu gxininiso luqwalaselwe xa kumiselwa iikomiti, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungu anekhono lokujongana nomba othile. Ukuba kuza kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuthile kule projekthi (umz. ukupompa ngelanga, okanye ucoceko lwesikolo) oku kuya kuba nefuthe kwindlela ikomiti ekufuneka isebenze ngayo.
Ukucaca kwiindima kunye neembopheleleko
Uluntu kufuneka lubandakanyeke ekuqulunqeni nasekuvumelaneni ngeendima noxanduva lwamalungu ekomiti kunye ne-Oxfam ekufezekiseni le projekthi. Iindima noxanduva kufuneka zibhalwe phantsi kwaye ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo kunokuvavanya ukusebenza ngesivumelwano. Ukuphuhlisa umgaqo-siseko wekomiti kwasekuqaleni kunokuphucula ukucaca kunye nokuzithemba phakathi koluntu ngokubanzi, kwaye kufuneka kuquke ezi zinto zilandelayo (umthombo we-WUA Toolkit):
- Indima echazwe ngokucacileyo ye-WUA njengeziko (elichazwe yinjongo) kunye namalungu ngamanye aquka lona (afanelekela ubulungu).
- Abantu abachazwe ngokucacileyo kwizikhundla kunye neendima (iinkcazo zomsebenzi).
- Ukuphindaphindwa kweentlanganiso kunye nokwenza izigqibo (inani labantu abafunekayo ukuphumeza izigqibo) kunye nendlela yokwenza izigqibo (ukuvota uninzi okanye ukuvotela ngazwi linye).
- Ixesha elichazwe ngokucacileyo lesikhundla (ubuninzi bonyulo).
- Inkqubo yonyulo echazwe ngokucacileyo apho amalungu anokuthatha isigqibo ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa.
- Iindlela zokuphendula – iinkqubo zemali, uphicotho-zincwadi, ukugcinwa kweencwadi, ukwabelana ngolwazi nabasebenzisi bamanzi.
Ukungaqondani kunye nokungafani kwemisebenzi kunye noxanduva kunokusonjululwa ngaphambi kokuba kube yingxaki enkulu ukuba kukho iindlela zonxibelelwano ezicacileyo kunye neentlanganiso zeprojekthi rhoqo neekomiti kunye namavolontiya eprojekthi.
Enye indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuqonda okuvunyelweneyo kwemisebenzi kunye noxanduva kukutyikitya iMemorandam yokuQondana (MoU) okanye iLeta yeSivumelwano (LoA) phakathi kwe-Oxfam noluntu. Oku kungachaza amagama abo babandakanyekayo, imihla yeprojekthi, izibophelelo ze-Oxfam kunye nekomiti kunye neenkcukacha zazo naziphi na izixhobo, inkuthazo okanye umvuzo ikomiti eya kuwufumana.
Isampuli yeMoU ingafunyanwa kwiQela lezeMpilo yoLuntu eOxford.
Qaphela ukuba iMoU yixwebhu elisemthethweni kwamanye amazwe, ngoko ke amagama kufuneka avunywe negqwetha elivunyiweyo yi-Oxfam ngaphambi kokuba lisayinwe noluntu. Iikopi maziguqulelwe kulwimi lwasekuhlaleni kwaye zifundwe naliphi na ilungu lekomiti elingafundanga ukuze livumelane.
Zi khuthazo
Kungumkhuba omhle ukuba iprojekthi nganye ye-Oxfam kwindawo ethile (ilizwe, ilizwe) isebenzise uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lonyaka oluhambelanayo lwezibonelelo ngelungu lekomiti yoluntu - kungcono ukuba eli nqanaba livunyelwene nezinye ii-NGO. Ukuvumelana ngohlahlo-lwabiwo mali ngomntu ngamnye ozinikeleyo kuvumela ukuba iikomiti ezinkulu nezincinci ziphathwe ngokulinganayo. Oku kuqinisekisa indlela ehambelanayo kwaye kukhuthaza umba wezibonelelo onzima ukuba uxoxwe kwaye kuvunyelwane ngawo ngexesha lokucwangciswa kweprojekthi kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
Umgca webhajethi ungabelwa kwiinkuthazo ezahlukeneyo (ii-t-shirts, ukutya, iintsuku zepati njl.njl.) ngokwezicwangciso zeprojekthi kunye nezinto eziza kuqala kuluntu.
Ukumela uluntu okanye ukumela i-Oxfam?
Uphononongo lwakutshanje eMzantsi Sudan lutyhile ukuba amavolontiya anikwe ii-t-shirts ezineelogo ze-Oxfam njengenkuthazo (kwiminyaka emine ngaphambili) asacinga ukuba “ngabasebenzi” be-Oxfam! Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhethwa ngononophelo kunye nokuyilwa kwezixhobo zenkuthazo: iilogo kunye nemizobo kufuneka zigxile kakhulu kuluntu kunye neenjongo zeprojekthi; i-Oxfam kunye nokwazisa abaxhasi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Emva kwengxoxo phakathi kwee-NGO malunga nezikhuthazo, iZimbabwe WASH Cluster ivumile ukuba ingqwalasela ephambili yezikhuthazo mayibe “kukukhuthaza ubuvolontiya kunye noxanduva loluntu kwimpilo yoluntu”. IQela licebise oku kulandelayo njengeendlela zokukhuthaza “abavolontiya be-WASH” (abachazwa njengamalungu oluntu asebenza kwimisebenzi ye-WASH iiyure ezimbalwa ngeveki (malunga neyure e-1 ukuya kwezi-4 ngeveki):
- Banike ii-t-shirts, iminqwazi, ii-raincoats, ii-ambrela okanye ezinye izixhobo "zokukhuthaza"
- Nika iibhayisekile okanye ezinye iindlela zothutho (umz. ukuqokelelwa yi-NGO) ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi ethile (umz. uqeqesho).
- Nika isidlo sasemini/iziselo eziqabulayo kwiminyhadala ethile.
- Nika ii-NFIs (umz. isepha, iibhakethi) ukuze ubonise iindlela ezilungileyo zococeko.
- Cinga ngokuhlawula imali yesikolo okanye ukubonelela abantwana babo ngezixhobo zesikolo.
- Nika iiklasi zokufunda nokubhala (okanye ezinye iimfuno ezichazwe luluntu).
- Banike imali xa beqeqeshwa kude nekhaya labo ixesha elingaphezu kosuku.
Imfundo Yabantu Abadala njengenkuthazo kubantu abazinikeleyo kuluntu lwabalusi, iWajir Drought Preparedness Project, eKenya
Iindawo zabelusi eWajir zinomgangatho ophantsi kakhulu wokufunda nokubhala, inani lootitshala bemfundo yabantu abadala liye lehla kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye uninzi lwemfundo yabantu abadala ngoku lwenzeka kwiidolophu nakwiziko ezincinci ngoko ke alufumaneki kwiindawo zabelusi. Ngexesha lovavanyo lweemfuno zabelusi kwi-Oxfam, amalungu oluntu akhankanye ukunqongophala kwemfundo yabantu abadala njengemfuneko ephambili kwaye kwasetyenziswa ithuba lokusebenzisa eli qela njengeearhente zotshintsho ekukhuthazeni ucoceko.
Kule ndlela amaqela emfundo yabantu abadala asekwa kwiilali ezingama-20 ngenjongo yokufunda nokwenza okuthile - kokubini ukuze kuphuculwe indlela yokuphila kunye nokukhuthaza ucoceko. Yindlela yokuvuza abo bathatha uxanduva lokuphucula impilo kwiindawo abahlala kuzo. Abantu abadala bafundiswa ukufunda nokubhala ngeenjongo zoqoqosho kunye nezenkolo kodwa bafunda nangemiba yezempilo. Ngeendibano zemfundo yabantu abadala, abantu abadala bafunda indlela izifo ezisasazeka ngayo kunye neendlela zokuthintela, kwaye bazoba izicwangciso zokusebenza njengenxalenye yemisebenzi yabo yasekhaya. La maqela kunye neendawo zinceda amaqela angafundanga ngaphambili ukuba oyise imvakalelo yawo yokungabi namandla ngokufunda ngeengxaki kunye nemiba, kunye nokufumana ulwazi malunga nendlela abanokuzisombulula ngayo.
Ukwakhiwa kobuchule beekomiti
Inkqubo egqibeleleyo yoqeqesho lweekomiti kunye namavolontiya ibalulekile ukuba bafuna ukuba namandla afunekayo okuxhasa imisebenzi yezempilo yoluntu ye-Oxfam. Iimfuno zoqeqesho kufuneka ziphuhliswe ngentsebenziswano noluntu ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zifanelekile kwaye kukhuthazwe ukuthatha inxaxheba.
Indlela eziqhutywa ngayo iiseshoni zoqeqesho kufuneka icwangciswe ngononophelo noluntu. Umzekelo, “iindibano zoqeqesho ezidityanisiweyo” (ukuhlanganisa uluntu oluvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ukuya kwindawo enye) zinokuthintela ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabasetyhini, abakufumanisa kunzima ukushiya amakhaya abo okanye ilali yabo. Iindibano zoqeqesho ezidityanisiweyo zinokutsala abantu abanomdla kakhulu kwizibonelelo zokuhamba kunakwimfundo yokwenyani!
Ukusombulula le ngxaki, inkqubo yaseKenya ilandela indlela elandelelanayo yoqeqesho lweekomiti, ichitha iyure enye okanye ezimbini kwilali nganye kwaye ijongana nomxholo omnye ngexesha. Abasebenzi babuya emva koko kwiveki okanye kwinyanga elandelayo ukuze babone ukuba yintoni ethathelwe amanyathelo kunye nesizathu, baze bagqibe noluntu ukuba baqhubekele kwinqanaba elilandelayo okanye bahlaziye iseshoni yangaphambili.
Ukwakhiwa kwamandla ekomiti yinkqubo eqhubekayo kwaye akufuneki kuxhomekeke nje kwiiseshoni zoqeqesho olusesikweni. Ukuqeqeshwa kwamalungu ekomiti kubalulekile, kwaye ukutyelela iiprojekthi kwezinye iikomiti kunokukhuthaza ukwabelana ngezifundo ezifundiweyo.
Kwezinye iimeko kunokuba luncedo (okanye kuyimfuneko) ukuxhasa iikomiti ukuba zibhalise njengemibutho esemthethweni, umzekelo, phantsi komthetho kazwelonke wamanzi. Oku kunokunceda uzinzo kunye nokungafihlisi nto.
Ukuphendula
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba asizijongi iikomiti njengomsebenzi ongabizi kakhulu wokwenza imisebenzi ye-Oxfam, njengendlela ekhawulezayo yokufezekisa iinjongo zethu zeprojekthi. Ubudlelwane kufuneka bube bucala, i-Oxfam inoxanduva olufanayo kwikomiti - imamele iimfuno zayo kwaye iphakamise izisombululo zethu.
Ukungathembani, ukulibaziseka kunye nokungabi nanxaxheba kakhulu kunokuthintelwa ngokubeka iindlela zokuphucula ukusebenzisana kunye nempendulo malunga nendlela iqela ngalinye eliqhuba ngayo.
Singenza lukhulu ekuphuculeni uxanduva ngokuqinisekisa impendulo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwiinkxalabo zoluntu kunye nokufezekisa izibophelelo kubaxhamli ngexesha elivunyiweyo. Amaxesha amaninzi ukusebenza kakubi kwimicimbi elula - njengokuza kwiintlanganiso zoluntu ngexesha, okanye ukuhambisa iilaphu zangasese emva kokuba umngxuma ugrunjiwe - kungonakalisa ubudlelwane boluntu kakhulu.
Uxanduva lunokukhuthazwa ngokwenza naluphi na unikezelo lwezixhobo okanye imali kwikomiti kwiforam kawonke-wonke - mhlawumbi ngexesha lomsitho wokuqaliswa kweprojekthi - ukuqinisekisa ukuba lonke uluntu lunokuqonda okufanayo ngenkqubo kwaye luyazi ngeminikelo ethile yezixhobo.
Ukuphendula phakathi kwekomiti kunye noluntu ngokubanzi kubalulekile. Isixhobo se-Oxfam see-WUAs eKenya sibonisa oku:
- Ukuze ikomiti ibe negunya lokumela ilali, kufuneka inyulwe ngokwentando yesininzi ngamalungu elali (amadoda nabafazi).
- Ikomiti kufuneka ibe nomthetho ocacileyo ochaza uxanduva lwayo, izigqibo enokuzithatha ngokuzimeleyo kunye nezigqibo ezifuna ukudluliselwa kwilali.
- Ikomiti mayisebenze kuphela xa inikwe igunya elicacileyo lokwenza njalo.
- IKomiti kufuneka ibe nexesha elimiselweyo lesikhundla emva kwexesha apho kufuneka irhoxe okanye ifune ukunyulwa kwakhona.
- Zonke iirekhodi zemali kunye neentengiselwano kufuneka zivuleleke ukuba zihlolwe ngabanye amalungu elali.
- Ikomiti mayingalibali ukuba ikhonza uluntu ngokubanzi kwaye inyanzelekile ukuba ihlale inolwazi malunga nophuhliso lweprojekthi kwaye iqinisekise ukuhamba kakuhle kolwazi.
Kuphephe Ukuzithwalisa Umthwalo Ogqithisileyo
Iiprojekthi zihlala zibona iqela elifanayo labaxhamli (ngokuqhelekileyo abafundileyo okanye abanempembelelo) bethatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi emininzi ye-Oxfam, ehlawulwayo nengahlawulwayo. Oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo kubeka umthwalo omkhulu kubantu abambalwa, kwaye kubeka emngciphekweni ukugxila kwizixhobo kunye neenkonzo kwiqela elincinci elilawulayo.
Kucetyiswa ukuba umsebenzi wokuzithandela usasazwe ngokubanzi phakathi koluntu ukuze kuncitshiswe lo mthwalo upheleleyo. Oku kukwakhuthaza ukungafihlisi njengoko abaxhamli bekwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo umsebenzi othile kunye neenzuzo zeekomiti ezahlukeneyo zokuzithandela, kwaye kunciphisa ilahleko kwiprojekthi xa abantu abaqeqeshwe kakhulu kuluntu beshiya loo ndawo.
Esinye isisombululo sokuphepha ukuthwalisa abantu umthwalo ongaphezulu kukukhuthaza ukujikeleza kwamalungu emva kwexesha elithile, phantsi kolwakhiwo lwekomiti oluqinileyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuna ucwangciso olucokisekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikomiti yokuqala ayiphulukani namalungelo okuvota, kwaye ixesha alichithwa rhoqo ngokukhetha nokuqeqesha amalungu amatsha ekomiti. Isisombululo esinokwenzeka kukuba nenani elithile lamalungu arhoxayo emva kwexesha elithile.
Kwinkampu ye-IDP yaseKalma, eMzantsi Darfur, iqela lezeMpilo yoLuntu liqaphele ukwehla kwenani labantu abathatha inxaxheba kwikomiti emva kweminyaka emi-3 yokungenelela. Emva kokuxoxa ngale micimbi noluntu kwacaca ukuba abantu abavolontiya kwikomiti yaseWATSAN babethwaliswa nzima kakhulu kukunikezelwa kwayo yonke imisebenzi yezempilo yoluntu. Kwavunyelwana ukuba kwahlulwe abantu abavolontiya kwiWATSAN babe ngamaqela amathathu ngalinye ligubungela umxholo othile (amanzi, izindlu zangasese, inkunkuma eqinileyo). Oku kunciphisa umthwalo kubantu ngabanye, nabo babevuya kuba babebona impembelelo ecacileyo yomsebenzi wabo. Uluntu olubanzi nalo lwaluyithanda le nkqubo, njengoko babesazi kakuhle ukuba ngoobani abantu abavolontiya kwindawo yabo ababebandakanyeka kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke babesazi ukuba bamele bathethe nabani ukuba banengxaki.
Bandakanya i-HR
Ngenxa yempembelelo yokhuseleko, umthetho kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza nenani elikhulu lamavolontiya kunye nabantu abangasebenziyo, abasebenzi benkqubo kufuneka baxoxe ngokusekwa kweekomiti ezintsha okanye amaqela amavolontiya nabasebenzi be-HR. Cela uncedo oluthile kwi-HR ku:
- Ukuqonda imithetho yezabasebenzi efanelekileyo.
- Ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezibhaliweyo zokubandakanya amavolontiya kunye neekomiti.
- Ukujonga amaqela abasebenzi abangasebenziyo nabavolontiya kunye nokuchonga iingozi zenkqubo kunye nezomthetho.
I-HR kufuneka iphathe imiba neekomiti kunye namavolontiya ngobuchule obufanayo, uxanduva kunye nokungaguquguquki njengoko kunikwa imivuzo kunye neemeko zabasebenzi bangaphakathi be-Oxfam.
Ukubeka iliso okusekwe kuluntu
Iikomiti zoluntu zinokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubekeni esweni nasekuvavanyeni imisebenzi yenkqubo, kunye neenkqubo zokubeka esweni ezithe ngqo ze-Oxfam.
EKenya iikomiti ziyakwazi ukulinganisa inqanaba lazo lophuhliso ngokusebenzisa
“Ikhadi lamanqaku leKomiti” (jonga ngaphezulu). Oku kwaphuhliswa njengendlela yokulinganisa utshintsho – into eyayinzima kakhulu kwi-Oxfam ukuyenza ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle koncedo loluntu.
Iikomiti zingaxhasa nokubekwa esweni kwemisebenzi yethu yezempilo: eMzantsi Sudan, iikomiti zibandakanyeka ekuchongeni "iintsapho eziyimodeli" (ezineekhemikhali ezicocekileyo, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweraki yezitya, umngxuma wenkunkuma, indawo yokuhlambela kunye nendlu yangasese enomngxuma enesixhobo sokuhlamba izandla). Iintsapho eziyimodeli zinikwa iflegi yokuyibonisa, kwaye le nkqubo inikezele ngeziphumo ezimangalisayo kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba akufuneki sisebenzise kakhulu iikomiti kunye namavolontiya xa senza i-M&E. Iqela elikhulu loluntu kufuneka libonisane malunga nenkqubela yomsebenzi wethu ukuba sifuna ukuqonda yonke imiba. Umzekelo, ukuba sinamaqela agxile kuphela namavolontiya esiwaziyo (mhlawumbi kuba kulula ukuwaququzelela!) la maqela aya kunika uluvo olucalucalulo ngemisebenzi kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba baya kuba nolwazi olungabameliyo malunga neendlela zococeko.
Ukucwangcisela okungalindelekanga
Iikomiti zoluntu zinokudlala indima ephambili ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iinkqubo zempilo yoluntu ziyaqhubeka ngexesha lokungakhuseleki okanye ulawulo olukude. Oku kufuna ucwangciso olucacileyo lokuseka unxibelelwano kunye nezinye iindlela zokulungiselela kunye nezicwangciso ezithile zokuphumeza (➔ Iphepha leNgcaciso le-Oxfam malunga noLawulo olukude / Ukufikelela okuNcinci).
Isicwangciso sokuPhuma kwiSicwangciso sokuPhambili
Ubude bexesha esiza kubandakanyeka ngalo nekomiti yoluntu bufuna ucwangciso olucokisekileyo ekuqaleni kwalo naluphi na ungenelelo, kwaye kufuneka kuxoxwe ngalo kwaye kuvunyelwane ngalo noluntu kweli nqanaba.
Oku kubalulekile kuzo zonke iimeko - nokuba ziimpendulo zoncedo lwexesha elifutshane, umsebenzi wophuhliso, okanye iimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezingapheliyo zexesha elide apho sinokusebenza neekomiti kangangeminyaka emininzi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuba i-Oxfam iphume ekuxhaseni ngokuthe ngqo ikomiti yoluntu kukudibanisa umbutho kunye nezakhiwo zolawulo lwasekuhlaleni ezibanzi.
Kusoloko kunzima ukuphepha iingxaki zokuxhomekeka kwinkxaso ye-Oxfam nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwekomiti oluyi-100%, nangona kunjalo icebo elicacileyo neliqhubekayo lokuphuma okanye lokunikezela linokunceda ukusombulula le micimbi.
Ikhadi lamanqaku leKomiti
Lo ngumzekelo we-matrix okanye ikhadi lamanqaku elenzelwe iiKomiti zoLawulo lwaManzi eKenya eligubungela imigaqo emininzi eqhelekileyo yokusebenza neekomiti kunye namavolontiya. Kufuneka lihlengahlengiswe ngokwenkqubo kunye nomsebenzi wekomiti.
| Ikhadi lamanqaku leKomiti yoLawulo lwaManzi | Ilali: | date: | ||||
| Criteria | Isikali sokufumana amanqaku 0 | Isikali sokufumana amanqaku 1 | Isikali sokufumana amanqaku 2 | Isikali sokufumana amanqaku 3 | Inqaku | |
| 1 | Uluntu lubhalisiwe phantsi koMthetho waManzi ka-2002 ukuze lulawule izibonelelo zamanzi | Akukho ndlela yokubhalisa esemthethweni | I-WUA ibhalisiwe kwiSebe leNkcubeko kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu | Ubhaliswe kwi-MoC&SS kwaye usekwinkqubo yokuba nguMboneleli weNkonzo yaManzi | I-WSP eyamkelwe ngokusemthethweni yiBhodi yeNkonzo yaManzi | |
| 2 | IKomiti idibana rhoqo ukuze ixoxe ngemiba enxulumene nolawulo lwezibonelelo zayo | Akukho ntlanganiso zicwangcisiweyo, zingadibana ngamanye amaxesha xa kunyanzelekile ukuba ziphendule kwingxaki | Idibana rhoqo nangona inokuthi iphendule ngokukhawuleza xa kukho ingxaki. Imiba engabhalwanga kakuhle okanye engabiwanga kakuhle noluntu | Dibana rhoqo, amanye amaxwebhu ayagcinwa kwaye abelwana ngawo noluntu ngokubanzi kodwa kufuneka aphuculwe. | Ihlangana rhoqo ngenyanga, i-ajenda ecacileyo kunye neentlanganiso ezibhalwe phantsi ezinokujongwa ngamalungu | |
| 3 | IKomiti inesakhelo esicacileyo esichaza indima yayo kwaye sinike ulwazi ngokwenza izigqibo | Akukho xwebhu lukhoyo | Kukho uMgaqo-siseko okanye imithetho kodwa ayisetyenziswa ngokoqobo | Kukho uMgaqo-siseko okanye imithetho yedolophu kwaye isetyenziswa kodwa ifuna ukuphononongwa/ukuphuculwa okuthile | Umgaqo-siseko ocacileyo nosebenzayo ochaza indima ye-WUA/ iindlela zokusebenza | |
| 4 | Amalungu ekomiti acacile ngendima yawo kwaye anomdla wokwenza umsebenzi wawo | Amalungu akacaci kakuhle ngendima, akakhuthalanga ngokwaneleyo kwaye akakhuthele | Ukudideka okuthile kwiindima, ukuthatha inxaxheba okungaphelelanga kwamalungu kunye nezigqibo ezilawulwa ngabantu abambalwa | Amalungu angazichaza iindima zawo ngokucacileyo, ukubandakanyeka kwamalungu amaninzi okubonakaliswe kubukho kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso kodwa kunokuphuculwa | Iinkcazo ezibhaliweyo zichaza indima yomntu ngamnye kunye/okanye iingxoxo namalungu e-WUA ziqinisekisa ukuba bayayazi indima yabo kwaye banomdla kulo msebenzi | |
| 5 | I-WUA inoxanduva lwengeniso kunye nenkcitho | Akukho akhawunti yebhanki kwaye akukho rekhodi yengeniso kunye neendleko ezigciniweyo. Akukho ndlela zokujonga ubuqhetseba | Iakhawunti yebhanki ikhona kodwa ayisebenzi. Amanye amarekhodi agciniwe kodwa angaphelelanga okanye kukho ukungangqinelani okuboniweyo | Iakhawunti yebhanki esebenzayo eneentengiselwano eziqhubekayo. Iirekhodi zigciniwe kwaye ngokubanzi zicwangcisiwe kodwa uhlalutyo lunzima kwaye/okanye ulwazi alufumaneki kuluntu | Uluntu lugcina iakhawunti yebhanki enabatyikityi abavunyiweyo kunye nerekhodi eneenkcukacha zazo zonke iintengiselwano. Iidiphozithi/ukutsalwa kwemali ebhankini kunokuhlengahlengiswa ngencwadi yemali, erekhoda yonke ingeniso kunye neentlawulo, efumaneka esidlangalaleni ukuze ihlolwe. Iiakhawunti zinokuhlolwa/zibuzwe ngabasebenzisi okanye zihlolwe. | |
| 6 | Ulwakhiwo lweerhafu olulinganayo lukhona, intlawulo yenziwe ngokwerisithi zokuthengiswa kwemali, okungenisiweyo kwenziwe kwincwadi yemali kwaye kujongwa ngokwemfuno | Akukho sakhiwo serhafu esikhoyo kwaye amanzi ngokubanzi akahlawulelwa | Kukho irhafu yamanzi kodwa ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi akucwangciswanga (ngaphantsi kwama-30% abasebenzisi bafaka isandla rhoqo). Iimfuno zabantu abahlwempuzekileyo abangaqwalaselwanga ngokupheleleyo okanye abantu abakhulu/abanini bemfuyo abanoxanduva | Iindleko zabasebenzisi bamanzi eziqokelelweyo kodwa azibalwanga ngokufanelekileyo. Akukho risithi zokuthengisa ezikhutshiweyo kwaye akukho ncwadi yemali egciniweyo | Iindleko zamanzi eziqokelelwa kwirisithi zize zifakwe kwiincwadi zemali. Ama-75% nangaphezulu ahlawula amanzi ngokweemvume ezivunyelweneyo kwiintsapho ezininzi ezisengozini. | |
| 7 | I-WUA inyulwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye imele ngokwenene iimfuno zoluntu | I-WUA ayikhethwanga ngokufanelekileyo okanye ayiphenduli kubasebenzisi | Iziphene kwinkqubo yonyulo (umz. ukumisa umqolo okanye ukuphakanyiswa kwezandla) zinokuphazamisa ubulungisa. Ixesha lesikhundla elingachazwanga ngokucacileyo/unyulo oluphindiweyo lubanjwe | Amalungu evoti kunye ne-WUA ngokubanzi athathwa njengabameli kodwa kukho iziphene ezithile kwinkqubo yonyulo/yonyulo kwakhona | Ibhaloti eyimfihlo okanye inkqubo abasebenzisi abayithatha njengevulelekileyo nefanelekileyo ngamalungu. Ixesha elimiselweyo kunye nonyulo oluphinda lubanjwe ngokufanelekileyo | |
| 8 | Ukumelwa ngokulinganayo | Akukho bafazi bamelweyo kwi-WUA | Abafazi bakhona kwikomiti kodwa ababandakanyeki ngokukhutheleyo ekwenzeni izigqibo | Ubuncinane ama-30% e-WUA ngabafazi abanomntu omnye okanye ngaphezulu njengabaphethe iofisi. Abafazi babandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo ekuyeni kwiintlanganiso kwaye banefuthe kwizigqibo | Ukulingana ngokwesini ngokulinganayo kokumelwa kwi-WUA nakwizikhundla zokwenza izigqibo | |
| 9 | Ikomiti iyazi kakuhle uxanduva lwayo lokuzimela kwaye iyakwazi ukucacisa ubudlelwane bayo norhulumente kwinqanaba lesithili. | Ilali ixhomekeke kakhulu kwinkxaso yangaphandle ukuze iqhube izibonelelo zayo kwaye ayenzi nto ukujongana nokuxhomekeka. Unxibelelwano olubi nabathathi-nxaxheba kwinqanaba lesithili | IKomiti iyazi ngoxanduva lwayo lokuzimela | Uluntu luyazazi iimbopheleleko zalo kwaye luhamba ngendlela eyiyo kodwa lufuna izakhono zokulawula izakhiwo zalo kunye nokufuna inkxaso yangaphandle apho kuyimfuneko. | Uluntu luzimele, luphuhlise unxibelelwano oluqinileyo namaziko ecandelo lamanzi kwaye luyakwazi ukunxibelelana nokuphembelela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo kwinqanaba lesithili ngeendlela zonxibelelwano eziqhubekayo. | |
| 10 | Abasebenzisi bamanzi bavakalisa ulwaneliseko ngendlela ikomiti yabo esebenza ngayo | Ukungoneliseki ngokubanzi yikomiti, okanye ukungathembi ikomiti. Uninzi lwabo alwaneliswa yindlela abaqhuba ngayo kwaye abakholelwa ukuba ikomiti imele izinto abanomdla kuzo | Iqaqobana labasebenzisi livakalisa inkxalabo ethile malunga nokusebenza kwekomiti (umz. ukubona uxanduva okanye izenzo zokungathembeki) | Uninzi lwabasebenzisi ngokubanzi banelisekile yikomiti kodwa bavakalelwa kukuba kukho indawo yokuphucula | Abasebenzisi abasi-8 kwabali-10 kwisampulu engacwangciswanga bavakalisa ukuzithemba kuxanduva kunye nenkolelo yokuba iWUA iyabanceda | |
| Amazwana: | ||||||
| Isicwangciso Sokusebenza: Zeziphi iingxaki ekufuneka zijongwe kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezizayo: | ||||||
Inkcukacha ezithe vetshe
Appiah, JO (1999) IiKomiti zaManzi noCoceko oluZinzileyo, Iphepha elivezwe kwiNkomfa ye-WEDC yama-25. http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/conferences/pdfs/2 5/069.pdf
IRC (2003) Amanzi oLuntu, uLawulo loLuntu.
I-Oxfam (2008) Uyilo lweMoU yeeKomiti zoLuntu (olulungiselelwe yiNkqubo yaseSudan).
I -Oxfam (2009) Isixhobo soQeqesho lweeKomiti zoLawulo lwaManzi eKenya (esilungiselelwe yiNkqubo yaseKenya).
I-Oxfam (2009) Iingcebiso malunga nokusebenza nabaQeqeshi be-WASH kwinqanaba loluntu (ezilungiselelwe yiNkqubo yaseZimbabwe).
Izikhokelo zeSiphelo (2004) Isahluko 1:
Umgangatho oQhelekileyo 1: Ukuthatha inxaxheba (iphe. 28-
29) kunye neSahluko 2: Ukukhuthazwa koCoceko
Umgangatho 1: Amanqaku eSikhokelo 5 Ulawulo
Izixhobo kunye no-6 Umthwalo onzima (iphe. 62).
Inkqubo Yamanzi Nococeko (2001) Kutheni ezinye iikomiti zamanzi nococeko zasezilalini zingcono kunezinye: Uphononongo lwaseKarnataka nase-Uttar Pradesh (eIndiya). http://www.wsp.org/UserFiles/file/327200 744509_saybetter.pdf
Izikhokelo zabaSebenzi beeNkqubo zabaSebenzi eziSekelwe kuLuntu (2007). http://www.khanya-aicdd.org
Abaxhasi
Abasebenzi abalandelayo be-Oxfam banike ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kunye nemizekelo evela kumava abo entsimini kweli phepha lengcaciso:
Margaret Asewe, Mary Atieno Atayo, Andy Bastable, Nicholas Brooks, St. John Day, Martin Samson Etolu, Brian McSorley, Zedak Maithya, Evalyne Nyasani, Marion O‟Reilly, Boiketho Matshalaga, Joyce Poggo, Kitumaini Sezibera, James Smith, Vivien Walden.