Ubambiswano kanye ne-WASH
I-Oxfam inomlando omude wokusebenza nabalingani bakahulumeni, abangebona bakahulumeni kanye nabasekelwe emphakathini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo ze-WASH zobuntu ziyaxazululwa. I-Oxfam ikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenza nabalingani kungenzeka kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukungenelela kobuntu okuhlala njalo, okufanelekile nokunesibopho. Njengenhlangano sihlose ukusungula ubudlelwano obuhlukahlukene kusukela emiphakathini yasendaweni kuya emkhakheni ozimele kanye nohulumeni. Ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu abathintekile ezinhlekeleleni kuyisici esiyinhloko ebuholini bobuntu bendawo. Uhlobo oluhlukile lwezimo zobuntu luthinta indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nabanye. Noma yini engenziwa ngekhwalithi eyanele, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle yizinhlangano zasendaweni kufanele yenziwe yizo. Sisonke singenza umehluko omkhulu [1]
Ubambiswano ngaphakathi kwe-WASH yobuntu luza ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene.
Kunombono ovamile wokuthi ukubambisana kanye nobuholi bendawo obusiza abantu = ama-NGO aphesheya asebenza nama-NGO asendaweni noma ngokusebenzisa ama-NGO asendaweni. Nakuba isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokuzibophezela kwe-Oxfam ekuqedeni ubukoloni kanye nobuholi bendawo obusiza abantu (i-LHL) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okungenani u-25% wezimali zosizo kubantu zithunyelwa kuma-NGO kazwelonke nawasendaweni, akulungile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Emazweni amaningi, kuneziphathimandla ezigunyazwe nguhulumeni (noma ezingezona ezeqiniso), njengezinsizakusebenza kanye neminyango kahulumeni yezobuchwepheshe, enesibopho sokuhlinzeka nge-WASH kanye nezinsizakalo zezempilo. Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni eziseduze nedolobha, le minyango yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zomphakathi noma ezizimele abahlobene nayo, bangabalingani bemvelo bezinhlangano ezizimele ze-WASH zosizo ekuvumeleni ubuholi bendawo esenzweni sosizo ukuze kutholakale imiphumela ye-WASH, njengoba bengabanikezeli bezinsizakalo zesikhathi eside kanye neziphathimandla. Uma laba badlali besekelwa ngobuchwepheshe yi-Oxfam, bayakwazi ukuqina futhi bahlonyiswe kangcono ukuphendula ngokushesha ekuphazamisekeni kwezinsizakalo ze-WASH kanye nezempilo zomphakathi ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele. I-LHL esebenzayo emkhakheni we-WASH isho ukuqinisa laba badlali.
Ezimweni eziningi ezibucayi, lezi zikhungo azikho, zibuthakathaka noma zikhungathekile, noma azinawo amandla, izinsiza kanye/noma isifiso sokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo, isib. emakamu ababaleki kanye nama-IDP. Kulezi zimo, izikhala zingagcwaliswa amaqembu omphakathi, izinhlangano ezisekelwe enkolweni kanye nezinhlangano ezingezona ezikahulumeni kanye nomkhakha ozimele, noma zingavalwa nhlobo. Bonke laba bangaba ngabalingani bendawo be-Oxfam; noma kunjalo, ulwazi, ulwazi, ubungcweti, izisusa kanye namandla kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi kuthatha isikhathi ukuqonda lokhu. Ukuze uthole impendulo yesigaba sokuqala ephumelelayo ye-WASH ekuqaleni kwenhlekelele ngokushesha ukuhlela nabalingani kudingeka kuqale ngaphambi kwenhlekelele.
Uhlu lwabalingani bendawo lufingqiwe kuthebula elingezansi:
| Uhulumeni/Isifundazwe | Izinsiza | I-NGO/Inhlangano Yomphakathi/ Ezimele | Ikomidi elizimele | Inani Labantu Abathintekile Enhlekeleleni |
| Izinsizakalo zoMnyango (Amanzi, Ezempilo, Ezemfundo). Uhulumeni wesifunda/wesifunda sendawo, izikhungo zezempilo, izikole | Izinkampani zamanzi nokuhlanzeka (ikakhulukazi izindawo zasemadolobheni) | Izinhlangano ezizimele zasendaweni kanye nezesizwe, izinhlangano ezisekelwe enkolweni, iRed Cross/Red Crescent, amanyuvesi | Abathengisi bamanzi, abahlinzeki bezindlu zangasese, osomabhizinisi | Amakomidi okuphatha amanzi, izisebenzi zokuzithandela zezempilo zomphakathi |
Izinkinga ezinde kanye nezinhlelo ze-WASH zesikhathi eside zenza ubudlelwano bukwazi ukuthuthukisa nokuveza amathuba okusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nocwaningo nezinhlangano zasendaweni okuhlanganisa nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme. EBangladesh, i-Oxfam ibambisene ne-University of Dhaka kuphrojekthi yayo yokwakha umphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka okugxile kubasebenzisi bezindawo zokuhlanzeka kanye nokwenza imodeli yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ukuze kulinganiswe izinsiza eziqhubekayo esifundeni saseCox's Bazar, ezazixhashazwa kakhulu ngenxa yokufika kwababaleki.
Izinkinga Zithinte Abantu Esikhungweni Sobuholi Bendawo Bobuntu
Kuzo zonke izinhlelo ze-Oxfam WASH emhlabeni jikelele sisebenzisana nabantu abathintekile kanye nabantu ngabanye kanye namaqembu abamele, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje ngamakomidi okuphathwa kwamanzi/ama-WASH, izisebenzi zokuzithandela zezempilo zomphakathi (ama-CHV), izikole, izikhungo zezempilo, amaqembu entsha nabesifazane. Laba ngabameleli nezinhlangano zomphakathi - abanye abaqashelwa ngokomthetho kanye nokubhaliswa kanti abanye abangakahleleki. Ngokungafani nezinhlangano ezizimele zasendaweni ezivame ukudinga uxhaso lwabaxhasi bangaphandle kanye nezibonelelo ukuze bazisekele, la maqembu avame ukungadingi, noma aneminye imithombo yemali engenayo ezimele emkhakheni wosizo. Nakuba ngokuvamile kungabhekwa “njengobambiswano”, lobu budlelwano uma buphethwe kahle futhi busekelwe ekubonisaneni nasekubandakanyeni, bunika amandla abantu bendawo futhi ngokusobala buyindlela yangempela yobuholi bendawo yobuntu. “Imali yamanzi” (eSomalia) kanye nezibonelelo zomphakathi (e-Ukraine) ziyizibonelo zalokhu.
Izindlela Zokubambisana kanye Nempendulo Efanele Kakhulu
Kuthatha isikhathi ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano kokubili ngokwezinqubo ezisemthethweni kanye nokuthuthukisa ubudlelwano bokwethembana, inhlonipho, ukucaca kokulindela, izindima, imithwalo yemfanelo kanye nezindlela zokusebenza. Zonke izinhlangano ezisebenzisana ne-Oxfam zinezinqubo zazo ezisemthethweni, izinhlelo kanye nezinqubo ngaphambi kokuba ubudlelwano buqale, noma ukuqalisa ubudlelwano obukhona. Akungabazeki ukuthi ezinye zalezi zinqubo zingalungiswa futhi i-Oxfam idinga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze yamukele ngokugcwele ubudlelwano obulinganayo, kodwa esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, indlela yokusebenza yobudlelwano izoqhubeka nokuba yisithiyo ekufikeni kwesikhathi kwempendulo yobuntu ye-Oxfam.
Ngezinkinga ezinde neziphindaphindayo kunesikhathi sokuthuthukisa nokukhulisa ubudlelwano phakathi nezikhathi ezingezona ezezinhlekelele. Isibonelo, eKenya, ePalestine, e-Indonesia nasePhilippines - i-Oxfam isungule amanethiwekhi abalingani bendawo (ama-NGO) abanolwazi ezinhlelweni ze-WASH zobuntu abangaphendula ngokushesha enkingeni; kodwa lokhu akuvamile ukuba njalo kwezinye izinhlelo zamazwe.
Ezinkingeni eziningana zakamuva ezinkulu zobuntu, isib. iMorocco, iTurkiye, iMozambique, i-Oxfam yayinabalingani bendawo, kodwa abasebenzi be-Oxfam ezweni noma abalingani bayo babengenalo ulwazi lwe-WASH lobuntu noma lwezinhlelo. Ngokufanayo nase-Ukraine kanye nempendulo ehambisanayo ePoland, ngaphandle kokuba khona kwe-Oxfam ngaphambilini, ukuze kuxazululwe izidingo zobuntu zesikhashana kwakudingeka ukuthi ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe le-Oxfam liqale impendulo futhi liphathe imisebenzi ngokuqondile nangezivumelwano zesivumelwano nabanikezeli bezinsizakalo abangochwepheshe bomkhakha ozimele.
Ithimba lempendulo le-Oxfam kudingeka licabangele ukuhluka komongo ngamunye bese linquma indlela efanele yokusebenza kanye nendlela yokulethwa kwezimpendulo esebenzisa ikhono lobuchwepheshe le-Oxfam ngaphakathi ku-WASH yobuntu futhi lisekele izimiso zethu zokubambisana, ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni isidingo sobuntu sokuletha ukufinyelela kwekhwalithi kanye nesikhathi esifanele ezinsizakalweni ze-WASH, okungasindisa impilo.
Ngokuvamile ubukhulu bezidingo ze-WASH kanye nempendulo edingekayo ebangelwa izingxabano noma inhlekelele yemvelo bungaphezu kwalokho ithimba le-Oxfam Country kanye nezinhlangano zasendaweni ezike zabhekana nakho ngaphambili. Yingakho ithimba le-Oxfam Global Humanitarian WASH likhona. Njengoba linabasebenzi abangu-28, izizwe ezingu-17, ngalinye lineminyaka eyi-10-20 noma ngaphezulu yokuhlangenwe nakho ekuphenduleni izinkinga zobuntu emhlabeni wonke, leli thimba elihlukahlukene lingagcwalisa izikhala zobuchwepheshe futhi lisekele noma lihole amaqembu endawo ukuthi athuthukise futhi asebenzise impendulo efanele. Lokhu kungabangela ukusekela nokufaka abasebenzi abanolwazi be-Oxfam enhlanganweni ebambisene nabo ukuze basekele futhi baqeqeshe ngesikhathi sokuguquka nokwandisa okubandakanya izindlela ezintsha, imisebenzi kanye nokwanda komsebenzi.
Inothi Lokuqapha
Ukubambisana kuyindlela ebalulekile ye-Oxfam, kodwa akuyona into eyinhloko ngokwayo. Sizosebenzisana noma nini lapho kungenzeka futhi sisebenzise lapho kudingeka khona. [2] Ukuklama nokusebenzisa izimpendulo ze-WASH ezisezingeni eliphezulu kudinga abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe nabakhethekile abanolwazi oluqinisekisiwe kwezobunjiniyela, ezempilo yomphakathi kanye nokuzibandakanya komphakathi. Akuzona zonke izinhlangano (kufaka phakathi amanye amaqembu e-Oxfam) anala makhono. Kwamanye amazwe, ukushintshela ekusebenzeni nabalingani kuye kwahambisana nokunciphisa nokwehlisa izinga labasebenzi be-Oxfam WASH, okuholele ezimweni lapho i-Oxfam inolwazi oluncane lwe-WASH kunomlingani, okubuza umbuzo ngaphandle kokuxhasa ngemali ukuthi iyini inzuzo eyengeziwe ye-Oxfam? Ukusebenza ngokubambisana, kungabangela ukuthi i-Oxfam ibe nethimba elincane, kodwa uma kukhona okudinga abasebenzi abasezingeni eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma sifisa ukugcina idumela lethu njengomholi wemicabango ku-WASH yokusiza abantu. Amaqembu angenalo ulwazi azoletha amanzi nezindawo zokuhlanzeka ezingahlangabezani nezindinganiso ezidingekayo, ezisekelwe ezimpendulweni zangaphambilini noma ekufinyeleleni [ 3 ] , kunokuba ahlaziye ngokujulile izidingo zangempela.
Izidingo ze-WASH zobuntu ziyanda ngesikhathi lapho ubukhulu, ububanzi kanye nesifiso sezinhlelo ze-WASH ze-Oxfam ziyancipha. Ukwamukela ukubambisana kanye ne-LHL akusho ukuthi i-Oxfam akufanele ibe khona futhi inikeze izinsizakalo ngqo kubantu abathintekile ezinkingeni. Ezimweni lapho abalingani bendawo abanezinga elidingekayo lolwazi kanye namandla e-WASH bengekho noma bengenalo ikhono lokukhulisa nokufinyelela izidingo, kodwa i-Oxfam inayo, khona-ke i-Oxfam kufanele ilethe ngqo usizo lobuntu. Lokhu kuhambisana ngokugcwele nezibopho zenhlangano yethu. Ngokufanayo kwezinye izinkinga, nakuba izidingo zobuntu zingase zibe zibalulekile, kungase kube ukuthi ezinye izinhlangano zisesimweni esingcono sokusabela futhi kunenani elilinganiselwe empendulweni ye-Oxfam WASH, uma zonke izici zangaphandle sezicatshangelwe.
Ikusasa: Ubambiswano Oluqinile kanye Nobuholi Bendawo Bobuntu
I-Oxfam yamukela ukubambisana kanye nobuholi bendawo bobuntu kodwa isafunda ukusebenzisa kahle wonke amathuba ewalethayo futhi ithuthukise izindlela zokusebenza ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bomhlaba wonke kanye nedumela eliye lakhiwa yi-Oxfam eminyakeni engama-50 edlule ngobuchwepheshe, kanye nolwazi lwezinhlangano zasendaweni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-Oxfam isebenza nobani, indlela yokuqalisa, nokuthi ihola noma iyasekela, ukuze ibe yingxenye yezindlela zokungenelela ze-WASH ezisezingeni eliphezulu, i-Oxfam kumele igcine abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe nabanolwazi.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Oxfam inabalingani be-WASH abathembekile kuwo wonke amazwe asebenzayo okusiza abantu kudinga ukunikezwa kwezinsiza kanye nokubeka phambili ukulungela kanye nokuqinisa izikhungo. Abeluleki be-WASH besifunda kanye nabeluleki bezobuchwepheshe kanye nama-HSP ngaphakathi kwe-GHT bayatholakala ukusekela imizamo yokuqinisa ubuholi bezenhlalakahle bendawo, kodwa lokhu kumele kuholwe ngabasebenzi be-Oxfam Country ngaphambi naphakathi kwezinkinga, ngokuzibandakanya nokuhlinzeka ngosekelo lobuchwepheshe olufanele kanye nokuqinisa izikhungo ukuze kuvunyelwe izinhlangano zendawo kanye/noma iziphathimandla ezigunyazwe nguhulumeni ukuthi zihlinzeke ngezinsizakalo eziqinile, ezimweni lapho lokhu kungenzeka khona.
[1] Izingcaphuno ezivela ku-Oxfam Partnership Policy (OGB kanye ne-OUS)
[2] Idokhumenti Yezobuntu ye-Oxfam ka-2024
[3] Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-NFI, ukuthutha ngamanzi, izikhathi zokukhuthaza inhlanzeko kungaba ukungenelela okubalulekile kodwa lapho kungaqondiswanga kahle futhi kungahlelwanga kahle, kungaba nomthelela omncane ekuthuthukiseni ukufinyelela emiphumeleni ye-WASH kanye nempilo yomphakathi.