Climate adaptation is essential for faecal sludge management (FSM) in emergencies. Changing rainfall patterns, extreme floods, and prolonged droughts directly affect sanitation infrastructure, access, and safe disposal options. By integrating climate adaptation measures, FSM can maintain resilience, reduce public health risks, and provide service continuity under climate-induced stress.
This guidance highlights the impact of climate change on each stage of the FSM chain in humanitarian settings. It suggests solutions for each of the main contexts: latrines for high water tables and flood-prone areas, latrines in water-scarce areas, latrines in cyclones and high wind environments and climate change and the Sani Tweaks approach. The solutions are all field-tested, real-world examples from around the globe.