Izindlu zangasese zasekhaya ezisebenzisa amabhodlela ezindaweni zokuhlala zasemadolobheni ezihola kancane
1. Inkinga/Igebe Elixazululwayo:
Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili bahlala ezindaweni ezingahlelekile, ezinemali engenayo ephansi, ezindaweni zokuhlala eNairobi futhi iningi labo alinawo ukufinyelela endaweni yokuhlanza ephephile. Izindlela ezikhona zokubhekana nenkinga yokuhlanza zigxile ekuthuthukiseni ukumbozwa ngokwakhiwa kwezindlu zangasese endaweni ethile (imindeni eminingana ehlanganyelayo) noma ezingeni lomphakathi (izindlu zangasese zomphakathi). Lezi zindlela ezivamile zivinjelwe ngenxa yobuningi babantu abaningi, indawo enganele, isikhathi esifushane sokuphila kwezindlu zangasese, izinkinga zezindleko kanye nokuphepha. Izindlu zangasese ngokuvamile azivuli ebusuku futhi zidinga ukukhucululwa kodaka ngesandla okuvame ukuphelela emifuleni nasemiseleni evulekile, okuqhubeka nokubeka izakhamuzi engcupheni yezempilo yomphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho izakhamuzi zivame ukuphoqeleka ukuthi zisebenzise indle evulekile noma zisebenzise amabhodwe, zenze izitsha zesikhashana kanye nezikhwama zepulasitiki emakhaya azo (ikakhulukazi ebusuku), ezigcina zithululwe emiseleni evulekile, emifuleni noma ziphonswe kude (“izindlu zangasese ezindizayo”). Abesifazane nezingane bavame ukuchitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ezindaweni zokuhlala futhi ngenxa yalokho bathinteka kakhulu yile nkinga.
2. Isixazululo:
Lo msebenzi uhlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indlu yangasese esetshenziswa ezitsheni zasekhaya (i-CBT) inganikeza yini isisombululo sokukhuculula esisebenzayo, esisebenza kahle, esibhekana nezinkinga zokulula, ukuphepha, inhlanzeko, ubumfihlo kanye nesithunzi. . Ukukhuculula okusekelwe ezitsheni (i-CBS) kuhlukile ekugcinweni komchamo nendle ngendlela ethuthukisiwe esetshenziswa kabanzi emakamu nasezindaweni ezihlwempu zasemadolobheni ngokunikeza isisombululo "esinobungane" nesihlanzekile, njengoba indle nomchamo kugcinwa ngokuphephile ngaphambi kokulahlwa endaweni okuvunyelwene ngayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingozi zempilo yomphakathi ziphathwa ngokuphephile. Ukungabikho kwemikhiqizo yendlu yangasese efanelekile yemakethe yamaphiramidi, kwasho ukuthi ukuklama nokukhiqizwa kwendlu yangasese kwakuyisici esibalulekile salo msebenzi.
3. Imiphumela:
Indlu yangasese yahlolwa kaningana ngokusekelwe empendulweni evela kubasebenzisi kanye nabasebenzi abahlinzeka ngezindlu zangasese. Isibonelo 1, indlu yangasese "ebizwa ngokuthi i-jitegemee" ekhiqizwe eNdiya yavivinywa ensimini ngo-2011 ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-100 ze-HH ezindaweni ezimbili zaseNairobi. Impendulo yayinhle eqinisekisa intshisekelo emcabangweni we-CBTs kodwa ukwakheka okungabizi kakhulu kwakubhekwa njengokungahlanzekile futhi iphunga laliyisithiyo esikhulu futhi livimbela ukubeka indlu yangasese emakhaya. Ngenxa yalokho inguqulo 2 yayiyindlu yangasese yokuphambukisa umchamo eyayisebenzisa izitsha ezisetshenziswe kabusha ezitholakala kalula zokuqoqa imfucuza. Ngo-2013 i-Oxfam yayisa lo mbono enkampanini entsha eseNairobi - iSanergy - ibhizinisi lezenhlalo eligxile ekwakheni i-franchise yokuhlanzeka eyayihlola imfucuza ukuze ilinganiswe ngemikhiqizo. I-Sanergy yayisungule ngokuzimela i-CBT yayo yezinga lomphakathi futhi yayinamakhono ebhizinisi, okuthengisa nokumaketha kanye nokuklama umkhiqizo i-Oxfam eyayingenawo. Njengoba iphrojekthi ithuthuka kusukela ngo-2014 kuqhubeke, i-Sanergy ihole inqubo ehlanganise ama-prototypes amaningana esebenzisa i-fibreglass kanye nokuphrinta kwe-3-D ngaphansi kwegama lokuthuthukiswa elithi ihud (ekuphambukiseni umchamo ekhaya). Izimiso zokuklama isikhungo sabasebenzisi ziye zalandelwa ngokubonisana njalo nabasebenzisi/amakhasimende kanye nabaqhubi bezinsizakalo abasiza kakhulu ekulungiseni umklamo. Umkhiqizo wokugcina manje okhiqizwa ngumkhiqizi wezohwebo eNairobi inguqulo 5. Indlu yangasese iwumkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu okufanele uhlale iminyaka eminingana. Iqukethe izingxenye ezi-5 - isisekelo (okuyithangi lomchamo futhi) kanye nomzimba kuhlanganiswe nge-rota, isembozo esibunjiwe nge-injection, isitsha sendle sikhiqizwa ngezinsimbi ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nezikhwama zendle (ezingasetshenziswa kabusha noma ezibolayo).
Ukwamukelwa kwezindlu kusahamba kancane, ekuqaleni kuka-2021 iSanergy yayi-ode izindlu zangasese ezingu-3,000 kodwa izindlu zangasese ze-HH ezingaphezu kwe-100 kuphela ezazisebenza ngaphansi kwegama layo elithi “freshfit”. Lokhu kuhambisana nezindlu zangasese ezinkulu zomphakathi ze-“Freshlife” lapho kunezinkulungwane eziningana zamayunithi okusebenza eNairobi.
Lo msebenzi waqala futhi wabamba iNgqungquthela Yangasese ngo-2016 e-UK yochwepheshe abaphambili bomhlaba wonke bezokuhlanzeka okusekelwe ezitsheni, okwaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-Container Based Sanitation Alliance, eye yaba nendima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni i-WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program ukuthi iqaphele i-CBS njengokuhlanzeka okuthuthukisiwe.
Izindleko zendlu yangasese ezingama-£65 zingaphezu kwentengo yokuqala eyayihlosiwe engama-$50 iphrojekthi eyayihlose ukuyithenga. Iyatholakala ukuthi ithengwe ngesikhungo se-Oxfam Supply.
4. Ukufunda/ukusebenza kwezinye izindawo:
Izindlu zangasese ezisekelwe esitsheni ziyindlela eyengeziwe yokubhekana nezidingo zokuhlanzeka lapho izindlela ezivamile zingafaneleki khona - isib. izimo zomhlabathi ezinzima (amatshe, inhlabathi egoqekayo, izindawo ezivame ukukhukhulwa yizikhukhula) noma lapho kunemikhawulo yokumba noma izakhiwo ezihlala njalo. Nakuba zenzelwe izimo zasemakhaya, kunezinto eziningi ezifanayo namakamu okufuduka. Cishe izindlu zangasese zihlanganiswa futhi zibekwe ukuze kube lula ukuthutha ngakho-ke zivumela ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha esimweni sobuntu. Njengendlu yangasese esezingeni lomndeni, kungenzeka inikeze ikhambi elihloniphekile kubantu abangakwazi ukufinyelela, noma abesaba ukusebenzisa, izikhungo zokuhlanzeka ezihlanganyelwe, isib. asebekhulile, abantu abaphila nezidingo ezikhethekile, abesifazane nezingane.
I-CBS ayizange iqinisekiswe ngezinga elithile ngokwesimo sobuntu. Ngaphambi kokucabangela ukuthi isitsha (i-CBS) siyafaneleka yini, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi imfucuza izophathwa kanjani. Ezingeni elincane i-CBS ingafaneleka njengokulethwa/ukuphathwa kwayo, abasebenzisi benomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthulula imfucuza ezindaweni zangasese eziseduze. Njengoba izinombolo zanda, nempilo yomphakathi isengozini ngokulahlwa kwemfucuza ngendlela engaphephile ngabanye abantu. Ezinambeni eziphansi kakhulu (50+) zingase zibe ithuba lokuziphilisa lokulungisa izindlu zangasese. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kuthathe i-Sanergy iminyaka ecishe ibe yi-10 ukusungula ibhizinisi labo futhi bafinyelele ezingeni lapho sebekwazi khona manje ukukhulisa i-CBS.
5. Ulwazi Olwengeziwe:
Imibhalo yephrojekthi ( Isixhumanisi sebhokisi ), umhlahlandlela wokusetshenziswa kwe-CBS ; Ukuhlolwa kweBhange Lomhlaba kwe-CBS . Isici esibalulekile sempumelelo yalo msebenzi kwaba isikhathi kanye nokuguquguquka okunikezwa yi-WIF fund. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kuthatha isikhathi, kulokhu iminyaka eyishumi kusukela ekuqanjweni kuze kube sekuqedweni (futhi kusaqhubeka). I-Oxfam ithole umlingani waseKenya oqinile kakhulu (i-Sanergy) futhi yabanika isikhala sokuhola lo msebenzi. Imithombo eminingana yokuxhasa ngemali ivumele lo msebenzi: i-WIF £25K (2010-2011), isikhwama sokuqamba izinto ezintsha se-HECA £35K (2012-13), £62,588 (2016-17), $US30,000 Iphrojekthi Yokuhlanzeka Okuphuthumayo (2018)
Umuntu oxhumana naye : Brian McSorley, Umeluleki we-PHE, GHT, brian.mcsorley@oxfam.org